How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people think ADHD is a child's issue however, it can affect adults. When diagnosed and treated for ADHD the patient can improve their life.
An assessment for ADHD could involve a conversation with the person and family members. The specialist may look over old school records to determine whether the symptoms started in childhood.
Symptoms
Everyone struggles with concentration and staying organized from time-to-time, but for someone who has ADHD the issues can be a hindrance with school, work and home life. A person must show major symptoms in two of these areas and have a significant impact on the way they function in their daily lives for them to be identified as having ADHD. The symptoms must be present for at least six months.
A doctor will inquire of the patient about their symptoms, as well as regarding any medical issues or family history. They may also employ rating systems to assess symptoms in adults and children. These questionnaires are based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They ask about symptoms like hyperactivity, inattention and an impulsive nature.
Adults may be asked to talk with their spouse or someone they know well. This isn't to question honesty, but to gain insight into the behavior of a person that cannot be gleaned from an interview. You can also inquire about their childhood behavior, and look at old school records to determine if the symptoms started before age 12.
Before determining the cause, the doctor will perform an extensive physical exam and run tests in order to rule other conditions for thyroid issues or head injuries, which could trigger similar symptoms. The doctor will also look over the medication list of a patient. Certain medications for depression, high blood pressure and other ailments can interact with stimulants, so the doctor will take these into account when suggesting treatment options. It is essential that adults talk with their primary healthcare provider in the event that they suspect they have ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must manifest in at least two places (such as home, school and at work) and interfere with functioning. They should also have been diagnosed at the age of 12 and the impairment must not be caused by a different disorder, like anxiety or depression.
A mental health professional uses various tools to evaluate the patient, including ADHD symptoms lists and standardized scales for assessing behaviour as well as a thorough medical history. They may interview family members and friends to determine how the individual's symptoms have affected them. They will also ask if there are any other physical or mental conditions that exhibit similar symptoms.
Iampsychiatry will take into account whether symptoms are mild or severe. They will also look into the patient's medical and familial history to determine if there are underlying causes of their problem for example, thyroid disorders or head injuries.
In some instances, an evaluator may want to conduct a cognitive test or have the person undergo an imaging test to rule out other reasons for their symptoms, including learning disabilities, mood disorders, personality disorders or addiction to drugs. People with these problems tend to show different symptoms than those who do not have them. Boys are more likely to exhibit hyperactive symptoms, whereas girls display inattentional symptoms.
A few people suffering from ADHD are interested in taking part in a clinical study to try out new treatments. This is an excellent opportunity to continue research. However, participants must be aware that the main purpose of these studies is to gain scientific knowledge, not an assurance of treatment. For more information about clinical trials, please visit NIMH's Clinical Trials fact sheet.
Treatment
For a person who suspects they may have ADHD, it's important to find a specialist trained in diagnosing the disorder. Ask your health insurance provider whether ADHD specialists will be covered. You may also ask your family doctor or other health professionals for recommendations. Additionally, referrals from word-of-mouth are a good option.
A doctor will speak with the patient -or their parents in the case of children, about the symptoms. They may use standard questionnaires or ADHD symptom checklists, and request details from other people in the patient's life, such as spouses and family members. Personal insight can reveal more than can be gleaned from questionnaires.
A specialist will also need to look over any documents that the person may have, especially old school reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is usually based on the history of a person. To be diagnosed, symptoms must have existed since the time of childhood (technically before age 12).
A physical exam is also conducted. It is a way to identify any other medical issues that could be responsible for symptoms, like seizure disorders or thyroid problems. A neurological exam is typically carried out by an expert to test motor control and coordination. Psychological tests, designed to measure abilities and intelligence, may be utilized as well. Additionally the person could be asked to complete simple computer tasks that test memory and attention. This could help an expert determine whether someone is hyperactive or inattentive. The expert will choose the treatment plan and provide an assessment. Treatment plans usually include medication and therapy. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, can teach adults and children healthy coping skills and alter unhelpful thinking patterns. This therapy is offered by a primary physician or a mental health professional who is an expert in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people with ADHD are helped by medication. However, this is not the only method of treating the condition. Children, teenagers and adults are also able to benefit from a psychotherapy session, behavioral therapy or a combination of both. These therapies help them cope and cope with their ADHD symptoms. Psychoeducation, or education about ADHD and how to manage it, may be incorporated. They can also include teachers, family members, and professionals.
It is crucial to locate an expert in mental health or health care provider who is experienced in treating ADHD. You can request recommendations from people who have ADHD or from a mental health professional you already know, or conduct an online search. It's best to find a specialist who is familiar with your insurance plan.
To diagnose ADHD to determine the cause, a health care professional will inquire about your or your child's symptoms and problems caused by the condition. They will perform a physical examination and check for any other health issues that could cause similar symptoms. They will go over the medical and family history of you or your child along with school documents and other reports.
The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V) (DSM-V) which is primarily geared towards diagnosing children is more difficult diagnosis of ADHD in adults. Your health care provider might interview you or your children about their symptoms and have others who spend a lot of time with them to fill out questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants such as the methylphenidate, Lisdexamfetamine and atomoxe and nonstimulants like atomoxetine and certain antidepressants. They help by increasing levels of brain chemicals referred to as neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people suffering from ADHD also have co-occurring disorders, including anxiety or depression. For this reason, treatment should include therapy that addresses these issues. Some patients can benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy that teaches skills such as managing time and tasks and emotional self-regulation.
Therapists can help patients manage their symptoms by altering their lifestyle. Regular exercise can help decrease hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthy diet is crucial as well. People suffering from ADHD tend eat more fat and sugar and less fruits and vegetables. Lastly, making relationships with family and friends prioritizing relationships can reduce stress levels and help individuals feel more in control of their lives.
A diagnosis of ADHD can help children and adults better comprehend their difficulties. A child suffering from ADHD may have trouble communicating their requirements to teachers or their peers. When a teacher is aware that this isn't an issue that is solely because of their inability to communicate, they can provide adjustments.
A professional who conducts an ADHD evaluation will ask questions specific to the person's age, interview teachers and relatives as well as review medical records and look for comorbidities. For adults, records from schools could help determine if the ADHD symptoms began before adulthood.
A physical exam is often included, and the expert will likely check for hearing and vision issues. He or she will also perform a blood test to look for certain hormones and other health issues that may cause ADHD-like symptoms.